3.2 Weyneeyaha Casriga ah (microspcope; maayk-ras-kowb)

Weyneeyuhu dowr weyn ayaa uu ka qaatay horumarka bayoolojiga, iyo sayniska guudba. Caalam innaga dahsoonaa oo ilimaqabatay ah ayaa uu innoo suurageliyey in aan aragno aqoon sarena u yeelanno. Guud ahaan, weyneeyeyaasha casriga ah waxaa loo qaybiyaa labo: weyneeyaha ilayska (light microscope) iyo weyneeyaha elektoroonka (electron microscope). Labadan nooc waxa ay ku kala duwan yihiin awoodda weynaynta (magnification; magni-fi-kayshan) iyo soo gudbinta arag si cad u muuqda oo faahfaahsan (resolution; re-so-luushan).

Weyneeyaha ilayska (light microscope)

Noocani waxa ay ku shaqeeyaan ilays walaxda dhanka hoose lagaga ifiyo. Laakiin waa in ay aad khafiif u tahay, si fallaaraha ilaysku uga gudbaan oo ay u gaadhaan weynaysada. Marka si khafiif ah loo saafo, cadkii waxaa ka lumaya midabkiisii aragtidiisuna waana ay adkaanaysaa. Si taa loo xalliyo, cadka waa in la midabeeyo (Jaantus 3.1 — 3.2). Weyneeyaha ilayka awooddiisa weynayntu waxa ay ku kooban tahay ilaa 1500 jeer (1500×). Intaas haddii la dhaafiyo hummaaggu waxa uu yeelanayaa ‘shucaac’, faahfaahin dheeraad ahna lagama heli karo.

Weyneeyaha elektoroonka (electron microscope)

Weyneeyahani waxa uu ku shaqeeyaa elektoroonno, ee ma adeegsado ilays. Elektoroonnadu waa qayb atamka ka mid ah aadna uga yaryar noolaha. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo kala awood badan: taraanismishan (transmission) iyo skaaning (scanning). Nooca taraanismishanka (TEM) ayaa loogu adeegsi badan yahay, oo awooddiisa weynayntu gaadhaysaa ilaa 500 000 oo jeer, faahfaahin badanna ka bixin kara unugga dhexdiisa iyo qaybihiisa kala duwan (Jaantus 3.8).

Weyneeyaha skaaning elektoroon (SEM) intaas wuu ka awood yar yahay oo waynayntiisu waa ilaa 100 000 oo jeer. In kasta oo uusan faahfaahinta TEM lahayn, waxa uu awoodaa in uu oogada ka sawiro walaxdii oo dhamaystiran (Jaantus 3.9), halka TEM-ku u baahan yahay in si khafiif ah loo saafo.

 

Ku noqo TUSMADA